This statement, not a question, came up recently in a Bible Study and my first response was: it talks about slavery (yes) but it doesn’t condone slavery! And after an exchange of comments about this, it was decided that we would meet again and bring verses from scripture to support the statements. So then when I looked this up, I was surprised to find something I didn’t expect or recall:
“ ‘Your male and female slaves are to come from the nations around you; from them you may buy slaves. Leviticus 25:44 NIV
But before anyone gets excited about this “proof”, let’s take a deeper dive into scripture. These are the kinds of “one lines” that are often used out of context and misapplied to support something that is NOT true and does not represent God! I’ve been studying the bible for the past six years on a regular basis and just hearing that first statement, I knew this did not represent the true God I’ve come to know through reading scripture because: God is Love. (1 John 4:8) God REMOVES the bondage of slavery (link for scripture), God GIVES freedom (link for scripture). So how do we explain this statement found in Leviticus truthfully?
Let’s start with searching the word to see all the verses containing this word in Hebrew (because Hebrew was the the original version of the Old Testament.) So right away, I noticed something: the word for for slave: “ebed” (link to scripture) also means “servant” – so now the word choice depends on the translator! This gets more interesting: In the New King James Version, “slave” is used 33 times, but in the New International Version, “slave” is used 94 times, then in the 1995 North American Standard Bible (NASB) version it occurs 101 times and in the 2020 NASB version it occurs 180 times! How can that be? Why is that? Are you seeing a “trend” with time?! “Slave” and “Servant” have different meanings, here is the Google distinction:
The main difference is that slaves are considered property and are forced to work without freedom or rights, while servants are employees who are compensated and retain personal rights, including the ability to quit. Slaves are owned, have no choice in their labor, and their condition is typically for life, whereas servants have a contract and are free to leave their employment.
Using this distinction “servants are employees” and “slaves are considered property”- Let’s keep exploring this! The Bible says more about “property” so this needs to be discussed:
You may also buy some of the temporary residents living among you and members of their clans born in your country, and they will become your property. You can bequeath them to your children as inherited property and can make them slaves for life, but you must not rule over your fellow Israelites ruthlessly. Leviticus 25: 45-46 NIV
These are laws given by God to Moses at Mount Sinai. God has a purpose in what He says and sometimes we don’t understand with our limited capacity and knowledge. But we know this about God: He acts without favoritism (link for scripture). There is something more to understand here. If God doesn’t have favorites, and He doesn’t, then why does He allow Israel to have foreign/other nations as servants and identified as property?
“Because the Israelites are my (God’s) servants, whom I brought out of Egypt, they must not be sold as slaves.” Leviticus 25:42
God reacts the same way about His land:
“ ‘The land must not be sold permanently, because the land is mine (God’s) and you reside in my land as foreigners and strangers. Throughout the land that you hold as a possession, you must provide for the redemption of the land.” Leviticus 25:24-25
Think about this law too; a foreigner can buy an Israelite:
“ ‘If a foreigner residing among you becomes rich and any of your fellow Israelites become poor and sell themselves to the foreigner or to a member of the foreigner’s clan, they retain the right of redemption after they have sold themselves. One of their relatives may redeem them: An uncle or a cousin or any blood relative in their clan may redeem them. Or if they prosper, they may redeem themselves.They and their buyer are to count the time from the year they sold themselves up to the Year of Jubilee. The price for their release is to be based on the rate paid to a hired worker for that number of years.If many years remain, they must pay for their redemption a larger share of the price paid for them. If only a few years remain until the Year of Jubilee, they are to compute that and pay for their redemption accordingly. They are to be treated as workers hired from year to year; you must see to it that those to whom they owe service do not rule over them ruthlessly.“ ‘Even if someone is not redeemed in any of these ways, they and their children are to be released in the Year of Jubilee, for the Israelites belong to me as servants. They are my servants, whom I brought out of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.
God chose Israel (scripture link) and God is faithful (scripture link) to His covenants; God does not break a covenant. (scripture link) God established the laws (scripture link, another link) and God is just (scripture link).
In the Bible, “slave” isn’t the same as what America understands and experienced with “slavery.” In the Bible, a “slave” WILLINGLY sold themselves to their “Master”, they were not forced to do this. The Bible explicitly describes this:
“If someone is caught kidnapping (considered stealing) a fellow Israelite and treating or selling them as a slave, the kidnapper must die. You must purge the evil from among you.” Deuteronomy 24:7
Kidnapping is stealing and stealing is evil. The way the Bible describes this process is that a person who is poor can willingly “sell themselves” as a servant, if they are Hebrew, they would be released from their obligation after the 6th year. (Interesting prophetic significance by the way). When a foreigner buys an Israelite, one of their relatives may redeem them (Jesus is the “kinsman” redeemer), or if they prosper, they can pay the price and redeem themselves! Think about this a person who sold his or herself may PROSPER and redeem themselves?! Does that sound like the slavery that America had in its history? (Not from what I’ve heard).
“Slaves were kidnapped in America in two main ways: the Transatlantic Slave Trade, which forcibly brought millions of kidnapped Africans to the Americas, and domestic kidnapping, which targeted free Black people and escaped slaves within the United States. Both methods involved abduction, coercion, and trickery to force people into a life of enslavement and were central to the institution of slavery in the Americas.”
I believe we are foolish or ignorant when we apply American cultural understanding and application to something that existed thousands of years before America did and was geographically located in the Middle East. It truly doesn’t make sense and isn’t applicable, nor the same, the way I understand and see it referenced in the Bible. As I studied this further, something surprising happened again: I recognized the prophetic symbolic beauty in the final redemption that Jesus did for all of us!
The more I study God’s word, the more I see His love. I see literal events recorded in biblical history that had symbolic prophetic implications. I’ll give you an example, (read Exodus 12:43-51) for the literal event, now I’ll tell you the prophetic symbology I see: The Passover (this event was part of the freedom from slavery in Egypt for the Israelites)- those who prepared were “passed over” by the Angel of Death and their first born did not die! This was one of the “plagues” that came upon Egypt before they agreed to release the Israelites so they could worship their God, the one and only true God. Some of the significant details of the Passover meal: a lamb was sacrificed (symbolically in the Bible, Jesus is the Lamb- He died on the cross for atonement of ALL sin, for ALL people), the blood of the sacrificed lamb during what is now recognized as “Passover” was placed on the door frame- this is why the angel “passed over” them- they had a sign, a protection obtained through the blood of the lamb, similar for us today, we are protected by the blood of the “Lamb” (Jesus) and will overcome death, have eternal life through Him. Jesus was literally crucified during the Passover Holiday. All this symbolism from the early BC scripture foretells of Jesus and his rescue from slavery in a future literal and spiritual fulfillment. Notice in verse 46 “do not break any bones”- Jesus’ bones on the cross where not broken (John 19:36 link). So these events were literal, but they were also symbolic and prophetic of what was to come!
Notice also the “slave” “you have bought” is allowed to eat the Passover meal (after he is circumcised). Literal and symbolic because God is looking for a “circumcised heart”- a person who desires Him, who loves Him back, a person devoted to Him, a person who recognizes His goodness, His love and wants to belong to His family, God’s family. The “slave” is now “family”! Foreigners get to do this too, as long as they are circumcised. Circumcision is literal and symbolic of the covenant between God and people who want to be “family” (scripture link). As time went on, God revealed that its not the flesh circumcision that He truly wants, but the metaphor of a person’s “circumcised heart” in undivided love towards God.
“A “circumcised heart” means to have a heart that is inwardly clean and devoted to God, removing stubbornness and sin to become truly faithful. It’s a spiritual concept that contrasts with the physical circumcision ceremony, symbolizing an internal transformation rather than an external ritual. This inner change involves humility, faith, and a willingness to obey God completely.”
Let’s talk more about “racism” for a moment. This is another significant fact I observed in the Bible: there is no racism! There are God’s people and foreigners (who worship other gods) but race is never mentioned! (This again is spiritual warfare in my thoughts: the enemy seeks to divide and destroy us by misapplying, misquoting scripture.) The enemy knows: A kingdom divided cannot stand (scripture link). The thief (the enemy) comes only to steal and kill and destroy; I (Jesus) have come that they may have life, and have it to the full. ( John 10:10 ) Be alert and of sober mind. Your enemy the devil prowls around like a roaring lion looking for someone to devour. (1 Peter 5:8)
Let’s talk more about “slave” and “servant” because this part will speak to ALL of us despite our cultural heritage. Using the NIV version the word and searching the word “ebed” again, there are 803 times this Hebrew word is used in the Old Testament. Next let’s look at “slave” in the New Testament (Greek), used 31 times in the New Testament NIV version (here’s the link) these are worth reading, as all scripture is worth reading because All Scripture is God-breathed and is useful for teaching, rebuking, correcting and training in righteousness, so that the servant of God may be thoroughly equipped for every good work. (2 Timothy 3:16-17) Now, let’s look deeper at the word “slave” in Greek: doulos – this has the same description as “ebed” in the Old Testament and is referenced 126 times in the MGNT Greek (here’s the link) read these too because this is how we gain spiritual insight into words of scripture! All of us, if we call ourselves a “Christian” are doulos to the Master (Christ, the Messiah, Jesus). Jesus is King, we are servants/doulos.
True Christians hope to hear this from Jesus when He returns: “His master replied, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many things. Come and share your master’s happiness!’ Matthew 25:21
We all need to remember this: Jesus replied, “Very truly I tell you, everyone who sins is a slave to sin. John 8:34. Pay attention to the next verses: “Now a slave has no permanent place in the family (God’s family), but a son belongs to it forever. So if the Son (Jesus) sets you free, you will be free indeed.”
Read what Peter says about being set free by Jesus (scripture link) starting in Acts 2:14 through the end of the chapter.
Paul explains this also in Romans Chapter 6 (scripture link). Reflect on this often, this is our salvation, our freedom and is so important for all of us!
We were bought at a price! (1 Corinthians 7:23) While we were “slaves”/sinners, Christ died for us. When we become a child of God: “So you are no longer a slave, but God’s child; and since you are his child, God has made you also an heir.” (Galatians 4).
Remember this too, how Jesus came to serve, he came as a “servant” (Philippians 2) and a servant (we) are not greater than the Master (God). Our call is to “Live as free people, but do not use your freedom as a cover-up for evil; live as God’s slaves.” (1 Peter 2)
In reality, we all have the choice: do we want to remain “a slave to sin” or will we humble ourselves and choose to be that “slave/servant with the promise of being called a son or daughter of God and heir” in God’s future Kingdom? God is love. Read and remember all this scripture linked to this article. Remember who God has called us to be. God wants us in His family, but He doesn’t force us, just like the “servant/slave”, “ebed” in the Old Testament, will we “sell ourselves” to God and serve Him so that we become a part of His family in eternity?
“For you know that God paid a ransom (bought us) to save you from the empty life you inherited from your ancestors (Adam and Eve). And the ransom he paid was not mere gold or silver (Jesus’ life on the cross was the payment).” (1 Peter 1 link) Remember who God is as revealed through scripture and remember who God created you to be: His child and LOVED by Him!
If you found this helpful, please share this with others, we don’t want misrepresented scripture keeping people from knowing God, loving Him and their inheritance as a child of God!
S.A.I.L. 